Epidemiological Analysis of Uterine and Ovarian Pathologies: A Cross-sectional Study

Epidemiology of Uterine & Ovarian Pathologies

Abstract

Background: With disorders like endometritis affecting up to 11% of women of reproductive age and leading to infertility, women's uterine and ovarian health concerns have a substantial influence on reproductive health. Objective: To ascertain the frequency of ovarian and uterine infections and pathologies across different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with an emphasis on finding trends in the conditions' distribution. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Settings: Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar Pakistan. Duration: September 2023 to September 2024. Methods: 389 female patients who presented with gynecological complaints were enrolled in the study. Age, district, and diagnostic results were obtained from medical records. With a significance level of p<0.05, statistical analysis, including chi-square tests, was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The study examined 389 individuals and found that with majority of participants (n=256, 65.8%) were in the 36–50 age group. With n=306 (78.7%) participants from Peshawar. According to statistical analysis, there was no significant geographic variation by age p=0.924. According to diagnostic results, 25.4% of patients had benign diseases upon presentation, and 71.5% of patients had no substantial pathology. Moreover, n=2 (0.5%) of the patients were diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma (Grade 1), signifying a minor yet clinically important incidence of cancer within this cohort. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for decentralized gynecological services to alleviate healthcare strain in Peshawar and improve access in rural areas.